It's important you understand your reporting and record keeping obligations under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007.
We help you to understand your rights, obligations and entitlements by providing guidance material. This includes written guides, videos and webinars. We also assist with enquiries.
Record keeping
You must keep adequate records if you are:
- a registered company
- any other person required to provide information to us under section 20 of the Act.
Records you need to keep
You must keep records which show that you have met your obligations under the Act. Your records should:
- provide transparency to your activities
- support the accuracy of the data reported to us
- be relevant, complete and consistent.
Recommended records
Your records should include:
- a list of all of your activities that must be reported under National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (NGER)
- the data collected for each activity that will be used to calculate emissions and energy
- evidence supporting the calculations for example, receipts, invoices and details of payment methods
- the methods and measurement criteria you used for estimating emissions and energy and the reason why they were selected
- information on how you collected the data
- records of business decisions and accuracy, especially for high-risk areas relating to reporting coverage for example, applying concepts of controlling corporation, corporate group and facility
- authorisations for nominated report submitters.
If you use facility-specific emissions factors, your records should:
- document the monitoring methods used
- include information about the results of developing these emissions factors
- include details like biomass fractions, oxidation or conversion factors.
For other records you should keep to maintain a high-quality and auditable greenhouse gas inventory, visit the Greenhouse Gas Protocol.
How long to keep your records
You must keep records for 5 years from the end of the reporting year when the recorded activities happened.
Format of your records
You can keep your records in paper or electronic form.
Records should be stored in a format that can be easily accessed. External auditors must also be able to access records.
Compliance monitoring
We monitor compliance with NGER legislation to ensure reported data is accurate. This is crucial as NGER data informs Australian policy and program development, as well as our international reporting requirements
We monitor compliance to:
- maintain the integrity of the NGER Scheme
- enforce the scheme effectively
- target education.
If we find potential non-compliance through our compliance monitoring, we'll contact the reporter for clarification.
If we find the report is non-compliant, we will take appropriate regulatory action in line with our compliance, education, and enforcement policy.
We also publish the details of organisations that report late.
Monitoring activities
We expect compliance against all reporting requirements.
We focus on high-risk reporters using advanced data analysis tools and a targeted audit program to identify reporting that does not match with other information we hold or that you have reported to us.
Voluntary assurance audit reports
Before you submit your reports you may want to consult with a registered greenhouse and energy auditor.
Make sure you consider the auditors knowledge and background. Price should not be the only thing you consider.
We may not re-audit you if you provide a voluntary assurance audit report with your NGER report.
We will use any voluntary audit report findings for compliance monitoring activities. You should attach your voluntary audits to your NGER report in the Emissions and Energy Reporting System (EERS).
We'll notify you if you're selected for an audit.
For more on audits, view our webinar on audits under NGER Scheme and the Safeguard Mechanism.
Penalties for non-compliance
Penalties for non-compliance with the Act include:
- civil penalties
- criminal penalties
- infringement notices.
Civil penalties
There are a number of provisions in the Act imposing civil penalties for contraventions of the legislation.
A civil penalty is a pecuniary penalty imposed by the court in civil proceedings. These penalties are distinct from fines in criminal proceedings, and do not constitute a criminal offence.
Civil penalties may be imposed under the Act for failure to meet:
- registration requirements
- reporting requirements
- record-keeping requirements
- auditing requirements.
In certain circumstances, a company's executive officer may also be subject to a civil penalty where the company has contravened a civil penalty provision.
We can issue infringement notices for breaches of civil penalty provisions. Depending on the circumstances, the penalty could range from 12 penalty units to one-fifth of the maximum penalty a court could impose for the contravention.
Table 1 lists the civil penalty provisions of the Act. Each provision sets out the maximum penalty that a court may impose for a violation of that section. Section 31 of the Act explains the factors that a court will consider when deciding how much money a person has to pay as a civil penalty.
Table 1: Civil penalty provisions of the Act
| Description of offence | Section of the Act |
|---|---|
| Failure to notify cessation to the Regulator (nominated person) | 11B(20) |
| Failure to apply for registration in relation to meeting a threshold | 12 |
| Failure by registered corporation to provide a compliant report to the Regulator | 19 |
| Failure of other person to provide certain information | 20(4) |
| Submission of non-compliant report relating to greenhouse gas projects | 21(4) |
| Submission of non-compliant report relating to offsets of greenhouse gas emissions | 21A(2) |
| Contravention by registered corporation | 22(1) |
| Contravention by other person required to provide certain information | 22(2) |
| Failure by holder of reporting transfer certificate to provide a compliant report to the Regulator | 22G |
| Contravention by holder of reporting transfer certificate | 22H |
| Failure to provide compliant report where obligations transferred to responsible member of corporate group | 22X(2) |
| Contravention by responsible member of corporate group | 22XA |
| Ongoing failure to comply with civil penalty provision | 30 |
| Failure to provide specified compellable information to the Regulator | 71(3) |
| Providing false or misleading information to the Regulator | 71(4) |
| Contraventions relating to audit requirements | 73A-74C |
Criminal penalties
Several provisions in the Act impose a criminal penalty.
Offences generally relate to dishonest or fraudulent behaviour or behaviour that could cause significant harm to the NGER scheme or its participants.
Examples of offences that impose a criminal penalty include:
- unlawful use of an authorised officer's identity card
- unlawful disclosure of information
- failure to comply with the requests of an authorised officer when there is a monitoring warrant in place.
There are also offences under the Criminal Code which apply where a person provides us with false or misleading information or documents.
Table 2 lists the criminal offences and penalties listed in the Act. The Crimes Act 1914 determines the value of a penalty unit.
Table 2: Criminal offences and penalties of the Act
| Description of offence | Section of the Act | Penalty (1 penalty unit = $222) |
|---|---|---|
| Secrecy – unlawful disclosure of greenhouse and energy information or audit information | 23 | Imprisonment for 2 years or 120 penalty units or both |
| Monitoring compliance – unlawful use of identity card | 58 | 1 penalty unit |
| Monitoring compliance – failure or refusal to comply with authorised officer request during warrant execution | 61(3) | Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units or both |
| Monitoring compliance – failure to provide officer executing a warrant with all reasonable facilities and assistance | 69 | 30 penalty units |
Disclaimer
This information is provided as guidance only and is not a substitute for independent professional advice.
NGER reporters are responsible for applying the legislation to their circumstances and organisational structure.